到底怎樣區分英語名詞性從句中的 that 和 what 的确讓不少同學抓耳撓腮，不知所措。其實要想學會它們的用法也不難。筆者憑多年教學經驗告訴大家，掌握二者的區别主要應從它們的語法作用和表義功能來着手。現舉例簡要說明如下：
1. that 是從屬連詞 ，隻有語法作用 ，用以引導主語從句，賓語從句 ，表語從句 和 同位語從句。沒有表義功能，在從句中沒有實際意義，隻引導不充當任何句子成分。例如：
That he will come to Minquan is certain.
He found that he was lost in the forest.
We heard the news that he failed in the exam.
2. what 是連接代詞 ，不僅具有語法作用，用以引導主語從句 ，賓語從句，表語從句 和介詞的賓語從句 ，而且具有代詞作用 ，有一定含義 ，可以充當句子的某個成分。例如：
What sugar is made up of is known to us.
I can not remember what he said.
The problem is what we should do next.
3. 當 it 用作形式主語和 形式賓語時，必須用that 來引導主語從句和賓語從句。例如：
It is well-known that the teacher always asks his students to answer questions in class.
They want to make it clear that they do an important and necessary job.
4. 在口語中，引導賓語從句和同位語從句的that 可以省略，而 what 在其引導的各種從句中，都不可以省略。
They said the clothes made of this magic cloth would be invisible.
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